Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Question: Discuss about the Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. Answer: Introduction: Following an increased focus on globalization of economy there has been the submerging of ethical issues by the aim of increasing profitability. There have been some implications of globalization and its effects on the earth. The moral impacts and economics of international financial and regulatory institutes are not to assume any more. This is because some ethics are being neglected causing a lot of human suffering (Stout, 2011). For example there has been a lot of unethical businesses going on globally regardless of the country involved such activities include human and drug trafficking etc. this should be noted that its leading to a ruined society at large. Some problems that bedevil such activities include insecurity, instability, monopoly power and un-sustainability. With the rise of global financial crisis the problem of economic instability is so obvious. Some economic institutions are pursuing profits with no social responsibility and this is ruining morals in the society (Ne lson, 2010). With instability comes economic insecurity which causes people to engage in crude means of raising finances. When one is constantly vulnerable to market forces beyond their control they are likely to develop anxiety. Workers should not be treated as items to be hired and fired in relation to changing market conditions as this is counterproductive in nature. In economic ethics there is need for security and freedom. Most people recurrently violate economic security however in a monopoly situation such socioeconomic problems are exacerbated. Freedom and security are mostly violated in situations where there is pronounced concentration of economic power. Here the big businesses gain too much power unlike the small ones (Nelson, 2006). In places where self interested market behavior dominates, there is too much economic inequality. People without capital remain poor since capital makes capital. This inequality if not solved results to unhappier societies with higher incidences of social problems. An economic system which seems to reward immoral self interests definitely creates instability in the economy, leads to economic insecurity, promotes concentration of economic power in few individuals, and promotes economic inequality as well as violation of ecological sustainability. Social problem- human trafficking Human trafficking has social impacts which are quite universal. However this does not mean that human trafficking is not a serious issue. The victims of this menace are the ones that need to cope with most of the social impacts. There are some shared impacts of human trafficking such as spread of HIV and AIDS which can ultimately affect all the involved populations. However the specific incidents may differ from country to country (Nelson, 2006). Those who have experience human trafficking have actually known a life worse than death itself. The victims are forced to live in conditions that are atrocious. They are denied freedom and exposed to horrors like deprivation, torture and abuse. Trauma arises from such conditions. This then makes one understand why the victims feel like escaping and such people end up facing punishment which is inhuman. For example one may be made to submerge themselves in a container filled with water and scorpions and be left there for a week just because t hey tried to escape. Some are left to spend lonely nights alone. This is torturous especially psychologically (Stout, 2011). Some victims are usually injected with drugs to make them submissive. Once they come out of such they become automatically addicted to drugs. The victims of trafficking in most cases try to fight it at first but end up accepting to have lost the battle. They may be seen all smiles but inwardly they are crying and broken. Most of the human trafficking involves the selling of people for sex and therefore pregnancies are often expected. Those pregnant are even forced to abort using uncouth means and by quack practitioners (Stout, 2011). These unhygienic practices are some of the reasons why spread of HIV is high in the trafficking world. Therefore in the world of human trafficking people are just spreading life threatening infections especially the sexually transmitted ones. People are free to choose their work. People are free to venture into investments and to be entrepreneurs. In such a market people have the freedom to create capital formation. Theres freedom in earning profits, freedom to compete, freedom of buying, earning using and selling private property. Freedom of setting prices is also seen in such markets. Such markets do not require dictations from the government control or compulsion. In a free market there is no high taxation needed for effective functioning. Such markets function well with less interference from the government (Nelson, 2010). People carry out human trafficking because they are in search of huge moneys. This is often contributed by high costs of living and inability to get good alternatives in earning a living (Wheaton et al., 2010). In a society where human trafficking is on the rise looking at the positives that come with characteristics of a free market one can take advantage of such situations to alleviate the situation (Stout, 2011). A free market is rarely controlled by government taxation and therefore people should take advantage of such a situation and engage in business. Business in a tax free environment thrives well (Ogunro, 2014). This may make people shift from human trafficking to legal businesses. In this market people are also free to set prices of their commodities and as a result they can sell their commodities at prices that are good at getting them profits and thus shift their minds from human trafficking (Nelson, 2010). Since people in this market they can sell private property without government regulations then the environment is conducive to engage in such businesses instead of thinking about human trafficking business (Kapstein, 2001). In such a market people chose their own tasks, they are free to be entrepreneurs and also investors and thus the business environment in this market is quite conducive. This can help people in such markets to carry out other businesses aside from human trafficking. In situations where ethical issues are present business does not operate normally and the supply and demand curves are not likely to meet the equilibrium point. For example when prices of commodities are high their demands tends to be low in relation to the supply and the business owners are likely to suffer losses. Business owners tend to increase prices in their commodities when the government raises tax on them (Stout, 2011). The prices could also go high in situations where commodities are not available in plenty (Sahin et al., 2016). This could be during drought seasons when products such as groceries and dairy products are in scarce. In some cases the demand could be high compared to the supply. This also happens in places where ethic issues are common. Its evident that human trafficking leads to an increase in the infections especially sexually transmitted diseases which interfere with human capital (Nelson, 2006). People do not work to their expected capacity and this in return affects business in general. If human labor demand is high but the supply is low due to trafficking then introduction of market mechanisms of supply and demand in such situations is difficulty. This is because equilibrium cannot be reached in such environments. Its therefore necessary to deal with ethical issues in economic environments so as to meet the supply and demand market mechanisms (Crouch, 2006). References Crouch, C. (2006). Modelling the firm in its market and organizational environment: Methodologies for studying corporate social responsibility.Organization Studies,27(10), 1533-1551. Kapstein, E. B. 2001. The Corporate Ethics Crusade. Foreign Affairs ,80(5): 105119 Nelson, J. A. (2006). Economics for Humans. Chicago, University of Chicago Press Nelson, J. A. (2010). Care Ethics and Markets: A View from Feminist Economics. Global Development and Environment Institute Working Paper. Ogunro, V. O. (2014). Nigeria's Business Environment: Issues Challenges and Prospects.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(4), 132. Sahin, O., Siems, R. S., Stewart, R. A., Porter, M. G. (2016). Paradigm shift to enhanced water supply planning through augmented grids, scarcity pricing and adaptive factory water: a system dynamics approach.Environmental Modelling Software,75, 348-361. Stout, L. A. (2011). Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Wheaton, E. M., Schauer, E. J., Galli, T. V. (2010). Economics of human trafficking.International Migration,48(4), 114-141